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1.
2.
Julie A. Harris Akihiko Koyama Sumihiro Maeda Kaitlyn Ho Nino Devidze Dena B. Dubal Gui-Qiu Yu Eliezer Masliah Lennart Mucke 《PloS one》2012,7(9)
Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the earliest pathological hallmarks in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It can occur before significant Aβ deposition and appears to “spread” into anatomically connected brain regions. To determine whether this early-stage pathology is sufficient to cause disease progression and cognitive decline in experimental models, we overexpressed mutant human tau (hTauP301L) predominantly in layer II/III neurons of the mouse EC. Cognitive functions remained normal in mice at 4, 8, 12 and 16 months of age, despite early and extensive tau accumulation in the EC. Perforant path (PP) axon terminals within the dentate gyrus (DG) contained abnormal conformations of tau even in young EC-hTau mice, and phosphorylated tau increased with age in both the EC and PP. In old mice, ultrastructural alterations in presynaptic terminals were observed at PP-to-granule cell synapses. Phosphorylated tau was more abundant in presynaptic than postsynaptic elements. Human and pathological tau was also detected within hippocampal neurons of this mouse model. Thus, hTauP301L accumulation predominantly in the EC and related presynaptic pathology in hippocampal circuits was not sufficient to cause robust cognitive deficits within the age range analyzed here. 相似文献
3.
Summary The subcellular localization of lactoferrin in human neutrophils was studied by an electron-microscopic immunoperoxidase method. This molecule was detected in small granules of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A morphometrical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the mean size between lactoferrin-positive and myeloperoxidase-negative granules. In contrast, the mean size of myeloperoxidase-positive granules was significantly larger than that of lactoferrin-positive granules. This indicates that lactoferrin is contained in the myeloperoxidase-negative, secondary, granules of human neutrophils. In immature bone marrow mononuclear neutrophils, lactoferrin was present in cytoplasmic granules of somewhat larger size than lactoferrin-positive granules of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. A morphometrical study showed that the mean size of lactoferrin-positive granules was significantly greater in immature bone marrow cells than in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. This indicates that lactoferrin-positive granules decrease in size as the cells mature. Besides cytoplasmic granules, lactoferrin was demonstrated in the Golgi complex and a part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of immature bone marrow neutrophils, probably myelocytes and early metamyelocytes. These results show that lactoferrin is synthesized and packed into secondary granules in immature bone marrow neutrophils and therefore that the secondary granules are a type of secretory granule. 相似文献
4.
James M. Mason Nita N. Scobie Akihiko H. Yamamoto 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1989,215(2):190-199
Summary The mutagen-sensitive mutant mus(1)104
D1
of Drosophila melanogaster maps to a position on the X chromosome very close to the meiotic mutant mei-41
D5
. Both mutants have been characterized as mutagen-sensitive and defective in post-replication repair. In the present report we show by complementation studies that mus(1)104 and mus(1)103 are allelic with mei-41. In addition, two reported alleles of mus(1)104 lie between the mei-41 alleles A10 and D5. The size of the mei-41 locus is estimated to be about 0.1 centimorgans (cM). Because several alleles of mei-41 have been shown to reduce recombination and increase meiotic chromosome loss and nondisjunction, mus(1)104
D1
females were examined for defects in meiosis. Although there was no evidence for reduced recombination on the second chromosome in homozygous mus(1)104
D1
females, heterozygous mus(1)104
D1
/mei-41
>D5
and mus(1)104
D1
/deficiency females showed reduced levels of recombination. However, there was no evidence of an increase in nondijunction in these females.We dedicate this article to the memory of Larry Sandler, who passed away suddenly on February 7, 1987 相似文献
5.
Summary Biosynthesis and processing of the protective protein for -galactosidase in normal and galactosialidosis fibroblasts were investigated using specific antiserum preparations. A 45-kd precursor was processed to a mature 30-kd protein in normal fibroblasts. The mature protective protein was not detected in any of the twelve galactosialidosis fibroblast strains examined in this study. The precursor was not detected in two cases and in the others was of heterogeneous molecular weight, i.e., normal, abnormally low, or abnormally high. These molecular abnormalities were not correlated with clinical manifestations of the patients. 相似文献
6.
Mechanism for enterohepatic injury caused by circulatory disturbance of hepatic vessels in the rat 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
S Kawamoto S Tashiro Y Miyauchi M Inoue 《Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)》1991,198(1):629-635
We reported previously that a transient occlusion followed by reperfusion of the portal vein and the hepatic artery of the rat significantly decreased the transhepatic transport of a cholephilic compound, and that this decrease was prevented by pretreating animals with poly(styrene co-maleic acid butyl ester)-conjugated superoxide dismutase (SM-SOD). To elucidate the mechanism for oxidative injury of the liver and the site for the generation of superoxide radicals, the effect of a portosystemic bypass on the liver function was examined in the rat whose hepatic vessels were temporarily occluded. A portosystemic bypass inhibited the reperfusion-induced decrease in hepatic transport of bromosulfophthalein as effectively as did SM-SOD. Kinetic analysis using 125I-labeled albumin revealed that the permeability of the small intestine markedly increased after a transient occlusion. The increase in intestinal permeability was also inhibited either by SM-SOD or by the portosystemic bypass. Xanthine oxidase activity in portal plasma markedly increased during occlusion and reperfusion, while it remained within normal ranges in the bypassed group. Thus, superoxide radical, and/or its metabolite(s), might play a critical role in increasing the intestinal permeability and in the pathogenesis of reperfusion-induced liver injury. 相似文献
7.
“Bulk density” and “dry-matter content” are useful indices of dry-matter accumulation in plant organs. A theoretical equation
describing the relationship between these two indices was put forward. To examine the reliability of this equation, the seasonal
changes of these two indices were investigated in the leaves and stems of different ages ofAucuba japonica. In each organ both indices varied seasonally almost parallel to each other, but the seasonal changes of dry-matter content
were less obvious than those of bulk density. The observed bulk density was always larger than that calculated from the observed
dry-matter content by the theoretical equation. A drying experiment showed that this discrepancy was caused by the decrement
of the volume of the plant material by water loss during the period from the weight measurement to the volume measurement.
When the water loss was negligible, the equation described well the relationships between the two indices of the experimental
materials. It was also shown that this equation was useful for the estimation of the amount of air space in plant materials. 相似文献
8.
Satoshi Yoshida Masazumi Takeshita Akihiko Kawaguchi 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1984,124(2):322-328
The elongation of arachidoyl-CoA by swine cerebral microsomes resulted in the production of behenic acid (22:0) and lignoceric acid (24:0) concomitantly. When 4S-[4-2H1]NADPH was used for the elongation of arachidoyl-CoA, the incorporation of two deuterium atoms into 22:0 was observed by the technique of mass fragmentography. Furthermore, the incorporation of four deuterium atoms into 24:0 was also detected. On the other hand, when 4R-[4-2H1]NADPH was used, no deuterium was incorporated into the elongated products. 相似文献
9.
Shark (Prionace glauca) elastoidin: characterization of its collagen as [alpha 1(E)]3 homotrimers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S Kimura Y Uematsu Y Miyauchi 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1986,84(3):305-308
A new type of collagen was isolated from elastoidin of great blue shark by limited pepsin digestion. The collagen alpha chain of elastoidin, designated alpha 1(E), was very similar in electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior and amino acid composition to shark skin alpha 1(I) chain, but they were genetically-distinct on the basis of CNBr-peptide maps. The collagen molecule of elastoidin was shown to be an [alpha 1(E)]3 homotrimer. 相似文献
10.